In Chapter 12, when I talk about using Google Keyczar in order to handle encryption of credit card information, I mention that the library uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the cryptographic protocol. I did not discuss the gory details behind how AES is implemented.
I found the following to explain it in a more concise and entertaining way than I could in the book. I hope you enjoy:
A Stick Figure Guide to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)